Attention is paid to some of new legal liabilities , such as national compensation , punitive damages , specific performance , credit diminution , qualification derating , resignation due to negligence , etc . in this thesis the writer systematically analyzed the applicability of punitive damages in economic law 许多学者就经济法中的新型责任形式进行了具体探索，有些已引起了人们的关注，如国家赔偿、超额赔偿、实际履行、信用减等、资格减免、引咎辞职，等等。本文系统的分析了惩罚性赔偿在经济法律责任中的适用。
Based on the above value , the article deep probes into the fundamental problems in respect of specific performance in order to clear the basic theory and to some extent perfect the legislation and promote the development of the juridical practice . the article is divided into four chapters . the chapter one is mainly about the comparing study on the value of the system of specific performance 本文通过比较法层面的研究、法理学层面的研究、经济学层面对实际履行的制度价值进行了详细的分析;同时重点比较了实际履行与效率违约两者的利弊得失,最终在认识到实际履行制度确实存在着欠缺效率的弊端的同时,也要注意到实际履行作为一种违约责任救济形式的不可替代性。
The sixth part makes a try at putting measures to mitigate into groups such as suspending performance , specific performance , replacement transaction , etc . the last part explains the consequence of mitigation , that is , the portion of the aggrieved parry ' s loss which is attributable to his failure to mitigate will be unrecoverable , the aggrieved party may recover from the party in breach of contract the reasonable expenses incurred by it in mitigating the harm , additional profits obtained by the aggrieved party will not be deducted from damages , provided they are independent of its mitigation activities 第六部分试图对减损措施进行具体化，提出一些类型化的措施，如停止履行、替代安排、继续履行等。第七部分论述了减轻损失的法律后果。包括未采取合理措施减轻的损失不得获偿，因减轻损失而产生的合理费用应获补偿，与减损行为无关的额外收益不得扣除等问题。
Nothing contained in this agreement shall be so construed as to prevent the vendor from bringing an action and obtaining a decree for specific performance either in lieu of the aforesaid damages or in addition thereto as the vendor may have sustained by reason of the neglect or refusal of the purchaser to complete this sale and purchase at the time and in manner aforesaid 本合约内未有阻止卖主因对方之疏忽或拒绝按上述指定之时间及方式完成交易提出起诉及取得强制对方履行合约之法令以代替前述之赔偿或作为赔偿外之附加行动。
Notwithstanding the foregoing , the parties agree that each party has the right to seek temporary or permanent injunctive or other similar relief in any court or other authority of competent jurisdiction in respect of any claims of breach of confidentiality or ipr infringement or for an order of specific performance or other injunctive relief as permitted under applicable laws 无论本合同前述条款有何规定，双方同意每一方均有权就任何违反保密义务或知识产权侵权的主张向任何一个有管辖权的法院或其他机关寻求临时或永久禁令或其他类似的救济措施，或申请实际履行的执行令或其他相关法律允许的禁令救济。
Other than the preface and the epilogue , the scheme of the discussion is divided into four chapters as follows : in chapter i , the author intended to describe the specific performance of electronic payment risks . firstly focus on the exposition of electronic payment ' s definitions , characteristics , and classification 电子支付风险法律监管以安全和效率的统一为目标,由央行、银监会及行业自律组织在全面性、专业性和审慎性等监管原则下对国内商业银行和非银行金融机构进行有效监管,控制电子支付风险。
The first part states we are in the government - oriented period of regional economy , explains the existence and expansion of the difference of regional economy and clarifies the important role of local government on the development of regional economy . after that , the feature and specific performance of the irrational behaviors of local government on the development of regional economy are mainly discussed . the second part analyses the reasons of irrational behavior of local government , including such factors as dynamic - static state , institution and conception 第一部分内容包括指明我国正处于政府主导型区域经济合作组织阶段，描述我国区域经济差异存在并扩大的现象并明确了地方政府在区域经济发展中的作用之大，还对区域与地方政府相关概念进行界定，主要阐述了地方政府在区域经济发展中非理性行为的特征和表现；第二部分对地方政府非理性行为进行剖析，包括静态与动态、制度与观念等因素；第三部分为地方政府在区域经济协调发展中定位，即区域内提高竞争力，区域之间加强合作。
Therefore , the value of the specific performance in the modern civil law shall include the following aspects : the design and explanation of the specific performance should be consistent with the operation of the ethic of the contact and the justice of private law ; which should emphasize particularly on the protection of the security of transaction , and even cost the static legal relationship of property in order to protect the security of the dynamic legal relationship of property 近年来随着经济和社会的发展,实际履行的优势地位面临着挑战,尤其是经济分析法学派提出的“效率违约”理论,对传统的违约责任体系产生了极大的冲击。在此种情形下,有必要对实际履行的制度价值进行重新的审视,从而确定其在违约责任体系中的定位。
A full mathematical model of optimal flow pattern design withengineering constraints was put forward , based on modern optimal control theory . an optimal flow pattern design was presented for optimizing meridional channel of axial flow turbine . according to integral optimization of turbine stages , a full physical model and mathematical expression were put forward for proposition of optimal flow pattern , including all performance parameters in turbine stages . this problem was further recast into a typical form control to maximize specific performance index such as work or efficiency of stage with given initial state , fixed terminal condition and constraints for part of state terminal variables . the program was also worked out according penalty function method and conjugate gradient method . the optimal distribution of c1ur1 ( r1 ) was obtained according to constraint conditions and maximized objective function 把近代最优控制论方法引入轴流透平叶片的设计，在优化的轴流透平子午通道内，建立包括透平级内所有性能参量的最优流型命题的完整的物理模型及其数学表达式，并归化为一个在给定初始状态、自变量终端固定、部分状态变量终端受有约束的条件下，使级的某一性能指标（如级的功率）达到最优的最优控制问题，应用“代价函数法”及“共轭梯度法”编制计算程序，计算得到符合给定约束条件、并使目标函数取极值的最优环量分布，结果是令人满意的。
In this course of study , students can grasp the concept of psychological phenomenon in sport and the performance characteristics ; understanding the basic laws of the mental activities and it specific performance in the sport ; have the fundamental theories and methods about how to control the mental of the athletes , which can made them better applied this knowledge to the future work and practice 通过本课程的学习，能使学生了解运动心理学的历史和发展，掌握各种心理现象的概念及其在体育运动中的表现特点；理解心理活动的基本规律及在体育运动中的具体表现；了解运动员心理调控的基本理论与方法，更好地应用于今后的工作与实践。
